Iran boasts of nuclear advances, calls building an atomic bomb a simple task | Iran International
Iran boasts of nuclear advances, calls building an atomic bomb a simple task
Uranium enrichment centrifuges at Iran's Natanz nuclear facility
The spokesman for Iran’s Atomic Energy Organization said the country has made significant nuclear advances, and that developing an atomic bomb would be very easy if Tehran chose to pursue it.
“The simplest task is to build a nuclear bomb, because it does not need fuel control and explodes at once,” Behrouz Kamalvandi said on Saturday, calling it much simpler than developing a nuclear power plant.
“Building a nuclear power plant, which needs control of fuel and reaction levels, is difficult and technical.”
Kamalvandi said Iran has reached "the edge of power in the nuclear field, and there is no unknown issue left for us."
Before a 12-day war in June that culminated in US airstrikes on three Iranian nuclear facilities and paused any uranium enrichment in Iran, the country was enriching uranium to near weapons-grade purity levels.
While Tehran denies seeking a nuclear weapon, the United States and Western countries want Iran to end uranium enrichment, arguing that enrichment beyond 20% has no civilian purpose.
UN inspections
The UN nuclear watchdog has resumed inspection activities in Iran but remains unable to access several of the country’s most sensitive nuclear sites following June strikes, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Rafael Grossi said last week.
“We are only allowed to access sites that were not hit,” he said, calling the resumption important but insufficient.
Grossi said Iran cannot unilaterally decide whether inspectors may enter the damaged facilities.
“If they say it is unsafe and inspectors cannot go there, then inspectors must be allowed to confirm that this is indeed the case,” Grossi said in an interview with Russian state media. “That determination has to be made by the agency.”
IAEA Chief Rafael Grossi
Kamalvandi, however, says the UN nuclear watchdog's requests are unreasonable.
“The agency’s insistence that access and inspections take place strictly under a safeguards agreement written for non-war conditions is unreasonable,” he said.
Kamalvandi said Iran believes the current safeguards framework cannot be applied in the same way after military attacks.
“This framework was written for ordinary circumstances,” he said. “When nuclear facilities and materials are damaged in a military attack, the conditions are different.”
He said granting access to Natanz, Fordow and Isfahan while security threats persist could endanger Iran, and added that Tehran is considering other ways to account for nuclear material without inspectors entering the sites.
The standoff follows the June war that began with Israeli strikes on June 13 on nuclear facilities, senior military figures and nuclear scientists, followed by the US attacks on June 22.
Grossi said the three sites at Natanz, Fordow and Isfahan bombed by the US are central to uranium processing, conversion and enrichment, but stressed that Iran’s nuclear program extends well beyond them.
“Iran has much more than these three facilities,” he said. “It has a very developed nuclear program, with research activities and many other sites.”
He cited Iran’s operating nuclear power plant at Bushehr and plans for additional reactors, including projects with Russia, adding: “Work continues in all these areas.”
The IAEA has long sought answers from Iran over past nuclear activities and the whereabouts of undeclared nuclear material, issues Grossi has said cannot be resolved without access to relevant sites.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi spoke by phone with UK Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper on Friday, saying Tehran is open to diplomacy based on respect.
"Iran has never rejected negotiations and dialogue based on respect for the Iranian nation’s legal rights and legitimate interests, but considers talks based on one-sided imposition unacceptable," official media cited Araghchi as saying.
Araghchi criticized the "irresponsible" stance of the three European powers on Iran's nuclear program, saying that Tehran is open to talks respecting its legal rights and legitimate interests but rejects unilateral imposition.
Cooper underlined Britain's commitment to diplomacy on the nuclear dossier. No UK readout of the call has been issued.
The three European countries—France, Germany, and the United Kingdom—triggered the Iran nuclear deal snapback mechanism in August, leading to the reimposition of UN sanctions in September.
Iran and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reached a technical understanding in Cairo in September, mediated by Egypt, aimed at gradually restoring inspectors’ access to nuclear sites.
Following the return of UN sanctions on Iran, Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said that the United States and three European powers had “killed” the Cairo nuclear agreement through what he called a sequence of hostile actions.
Araghchi said last month that Washington’s approach amounted to “dictation, not negotiation,” accusing the US of trying to achieve through diplomacy what it failed to gain by force.
“They want us to accept zero enrichment and limits on our defense capabilities,” he said. “This is not negotiation.”
Trump said Iran could avoid past and by reaching a nuclear deal, adding that any attempt to revive its program without an agreement would prompt further US action. He has repeatedly said Iran missed an earlier chance to avert the strikes by accepting a deal.
Russia's foreign minister on Friday urged UN nuclear watchdog chief to keep what he called a neutral, non-politicized approach to Iran’s nuclear file, adding any renewed cooperation must be on terms Tehran considers fair.
“We call on IAEA Director General Grossi, who is pushing to restore contacts with Tehran, to strictly adhere to the founding mission of the IAEA Secretariat,” Russia’s state news agency TASS cited Sergei Lavrov as saying in Cairo.
“This includes the neutral, unbiased, and professional nature of assessments and the broader activities of this organization,” Lavrov added.
Iran and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reached a technical understanding in Cairo in September, when Egypt mediated a deal aimed at gradually restoring inspectors’ access to nuclear sites.
Following the return of UN sanctions on Iran, Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said that the United States and three European powers had “killed” the Cairo nuclear agreement through what he called a sequence of hostile actions.
Lavrov said that Iran could not be expected to resume full cooperation with the agency while feeling exposed to attacks and political pressure.
“Moscow backs efforts to resume talks between Iran and the IAEA, but only on a fair basis that Tehran views as balanced and consistent with the agency’s mandate,” he added.
The IAEA Board of Governors adopted a Western-backed resolution last month, urging Iran to provide full access and information about its nuclear program. Diplomats said the measure passed with 19 votes in favor, 3 against, and 12 abstentions, with Russia, China, and Niger voting against it.
The resolution called on Iran to allow verification of its enriched uranium stockpile and inspections at sites damaged by US and Israeli airstrikes in June.
Araghchi said last month that Washington’s approach amounted to “dictation, not negotiation,” accusing the US of trying to achieve through diplomacy what it failed to gain by force.
“They want us to accept zero enrichment and limits on our defense capabilities,” he said. “This is not negotiation.”
Trump said Iran could avoid past and by reaching a nuclear deal, adding that any attempt to revive its program without an agreement would prompt further US action. He has repeatedly said Iran missed an earlier chance to avert the strikes by accepting a deal.
Iran denies seeking nuclear weapons and says its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes. Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei has said dealing with Donald Trump is beneath the dignity of the Islamic Republic, while Iranian officials have rejected US demands to end uranium enrichment and curb missile capabilities.
Former Iranian foreign minister Ali Akbar Salehi suggested Iran and the United States could resume talks by changing the framing of negotiations to a shared goal that Tehran should not have nuclear weapons.
“The title of the negotiation should be ‘Iran should not have nuclear weapons,’” Salehi said in an interview carried by Iranian media. “With this change, both sides can return to the negotiating table while saving face.”
Salehi, who previously headed Iran’s nuclear agency, said the change would be one of wording rather than substance and argued that workable technical solutions acceptable to both sides could be discussed once talks resumed.
“The issue is not technical,” he said. “Solutions that both sides can accept do exist.”
His comments come as diplomacy between Tehran and Washington remains stalled after a brief war between Iran and Israel in June that included US air strikes. US President Donald Trump said last week that Iran’s nuclear program was effectively destroyed by US and Israeli strikes and warned Tehran against restarting it.
Trump said Iran could avoid past and by reaching a nuclear deal, adding that any attempt to revive its program without an agreement would prompt further US action. He has repeatedly said Iran missed an earlier chance to avert the strikes by accepting a deal.
Iran denies seeking nuclear weapons and says its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes. Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei has said dealing with Trump is beneath the dignity of the Islamic Republic, while Iranian officials have rejected US demands to end uranium enrichment and curb missile capabilities.
Iran explored advanced nuclear weapon concepts based on pure fusion before its war with Israel, an Israeli media report said, describing research into a theoretical approach that does not require uranium or plutonium.
The report, published by Yedioth Ahronoth on Friday, said Iranian scientists examined what it described as a “fourth-generation” nuclear weapon based on pure fusion, a technology that no country is known to have successfully produced.
“Such fusion does not require uranium or plutonium, and produces almost no radiation or fallout,” the report said.
Why pursue fusion research
The Israeli report said it was unclear why Iran pursued research into pure fusion given the extreme technical difficulty of the approach.
It outlined several possible explanations, including that the work was meant to obscure continued interest in conventional nuclear weapons, to explore ways around international non-proliferation frameworks, or to build scientific knowledge that could shorten development timelines if Tehran later chose another path.
Another explanation cited was that Iran sought experience with highly complex nuclear physics challenges, even if the fusion route itself was not practical.
Washington Post cites intelligence from 2023
The Israeli account broadly aligns with reporting this week by the Washington Post, which said US and Israeli intelligence agencies began gathering information in 2023 indicating that Iranian scientists were exploring several nuclear weapon paths, including fusion-based concepts.
The Post said US intelligence assessed that Iranian researchers were also studying a crude fission device that could be built more quickly if Iran’s leadership reversed a long-standing ban on nuclear weapons, while fusion research was viewed as more aspirational.
US and Israeli analysts agreed that a fusion weapon would be “beyond Iran’s reach,” the Post said.
Satellite images show site activity
Separately, a US-based think tank said satellite imagery shows new activity at Iran’s Natanz nuclear site, which was damaged during the June conflict.
The Institute for Science and International Security said images taken in December show Iran placing panels over a destroyed enrichment facility at Natanz.
“Satellite imagery from December shows Iran placed panels on top of the remaining structure, providing cover for the destroyed facility,” the think tank said.
Iran says its nuclear program is peaceful, while Western governments and Israel say Iran’s nuclear activities raise proliferation concerns.
US Ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee said he hopes there will be no war with Iran and urged Tehran to reconsider its nuclear ambitions, Israeli media outlet Ynet reported early Friday.
“I hope there won’t be a war,” Huckabee said in an interview with Israeli media outlet Ynet. “I hope that Iran will come to its senses.”
He said recent US and Israeli actions were meant to send a clear message to Tehran and urged Iranian leaders to draw conclusions from past confrontations.
“There is no education in the second kick of a mule,” Huckabee said.
Huckabee’s comments come as Israeli and Western officials warn that any move by Iran to restore high-level uranium enrichment could prompt a response.
European diplomats told Al-Monitor earlier this month that Israel may strike Iran within the next year if it concludes Tehran is moving to resume enrichment. One Western diplomat said any new campaign would likely be short and intense, with Iran expected to retaliate with missile fire.
Analysts say enrichment remains the main trigger for escalation. Raz Zimmt of Israel’s Institute for National Security Studies said a return to enrichment, weapons-related work or efforts to recover uranium believed lost in June attacks would almost certainly draw an Israeli response.
“The more time passes without the United States and Iran reaching a nuclear agreement, the more likely a new round of conflict becomes,” Zimmt said.
Signs of activity at Natanz
Satellite images show new activity at Iran’s Natanz nuclear site damaged during the June conflict, a US-based think tank said on Thursday, while the UN nuclear watchdog remains unable to access several of Iran’s most sensitive facilities.
The Institute for Science and International Security said satellite images taken last weekend show Iran placing panels over a destroyed enrichment facility at Natanz, possibly to shield work aimed at accessing rubble that may contain highly enriched uranium.
“This indicates Iran wants to explore the rubble out of sight of prying eyes,” the group said, adding that the site likely held several kilograms of highly enriched uranium.
The UN nuclear watchdog has said it still lacks access to some of Iran’s most sensitive nuclear facilities, including Natanz and Fordow, limiting its ability to assess the status of nuclear material.
Iran says its nuclear program is peaceful, while Western governments and Israel say its enrichment activities could bring it closer to the ability to produce nuclear weapons.