Iran and Russia sign strategic partnership agreement

Describing Iran-Russia relations as sensitive and strategic, Pezeshkian stressed Iran’s commitment to deepening ties, according to Iranian media covering the meeting.

He also stressed that regional issues should be resolved by the countries within the region without interference from external powers. "Our enhanced relations will thwart the plans of those seeking to destabilize the region and impose their policies," Pezeshkian said, while Russia is not part of the region.

During the meeting, the Iranian president confirmed plans to sign a long-awaited strategic agreement, saying it would strengthen Iran-Russia cooperation in economic, cultural, trade, and security areas.

He also highlighted progress on a joint project to build a new nuclear power plant in Iran and pointed to the removal of obstacles hindering the expansion of bilateral ties. "We have worked to remove barriers to expanding our relations," he added.

"Familial marriages are the primary cause of the high prevalence of rare diseases in Iran, a situation unmatched by other countries," Hamid Reza Adraki said, adding, "Addressing this issue requires greater emphasis on genetic counseling and a reduction in familial marriages."

In Middle Eastern and Southern Indian populations, consanguineous marriages are commonly practiced.

Consanguineous marriage refers to a union between individuals who are second cousins or closer. First-cousin parents face an elevated risk of having a child with an autosomal recessive disease, and the likelihood of fetal loss from such disorders is higher compared to the general population.

Without providing further details, Esmaeil Baghaei, the spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, added in an exclusive interview with RIA Novosti that "developments in Syria and Gaza will be key points of discussion during the Iranian president's visit to Moscow." He also emphasized the expectation that "Russia will play a more prominent role in pressuring Israel to uphold its commitments and stop the violence."

The visit comes at a time of significant regional upheaval. Last month, Iran and Russia lost their key Middle Eastern ally, Bashar al-Assad of Syria, when Islamic insurgents swept down from the north and seized Damascus within days.

Meanwhile, Iran’s nuclear program remains a contentious issue. The Islamic Republic began violating the enrichment limits set by the 2015 JCPOA nuclear agreement after the US withdrawal from the accord in 2018. Following President Joe Biden’s election, Tehran announced it would increase uranium enrichment to 20% purity, later escalating to 60%—a level widely regarded as just short of the threshold for producing fissile material suitable for nuclear weapons.

Negotiations with the US and the European E3 countries—the UK, France, and Germany—failed to resolve key differences, revive the JCPOA, or establish a new agreement. As a result, Iran is now believed to possess enough 60% enriched uranium to potentially produce four to five atomic bombs, should it choose to pursue nuclear weapons.

A fierce battle is unfolding between centrist politicians, such as President Masoud Pezeshkian, who favors dialogue with Trump in an effort to solve the country's economic problems as he told the NBC News channel, and hardliners who accuse the proponents of negotiations with the Trump Administration of selling out the country to the United States. Meanwhile, Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi attempted to take a neutral stance, stating that the Ministry simply implements decisions made by the political system. "Decisions will be made by the authority that has to decide," Entekhab News quoted him as saying.

These conflicting views among Islamic Republic officials and politicians regarding negotiations take place against the backdrop of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's firm opposition to talks with Donald Trump, primarily due to Trump's role in the assassination of former IRGC Quds Force Commander Qasem Soleimani.

The positions of both men are well-documented and publicly accessible. Khamenei's opposition to negotiations with Trump is explicitly stated on his official website, while clips of Trump’s televised statement admitting to ordering Soleimani’s killing are widely circulated on social media. Neither can deny their past remarks.

A senior member of Khamenei's office, Mehdi Fazaeli, told the press in Tehran on Wednesday: "I say loud and clear, and with the highest degree of certainty that negotiations with the United States will not serve our national interests."

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At the same time, Foreign Minister Araghchi has stated that "Iran might start negotiations if Washington returns to the 2015 nuclear deal." However, this scenario seems unlikely, given that it was Trump who unilaterally withdrew from the agreement, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), in 2018.

Furthermore, it seems highly unlikely that Iran's nuclear program would be the sole focus of negotiations between Khamenei's Islamic Republic and Trump's America. The West has repeatedly emphasized its demand for Iran to cease harboring and supporting “terrorism” and armed proxy groups.

Although Israel’s attacks against Iran’s regional proxy groups have diminished their prominence on the negotiation agenda, the United States, Europe, and even China remain concerned about the Yemeni Houthis’ attacks on Israel and international navigation in the Red Sea.

The Didban Iran website quoted Fazaeli as saying: "Supporters of negotiations believe they can resolve Iran's economic problems, while opponents argue that not only will negotiations fail to address these issues, but they may also lead to new challenges."

Fazaeli, regarded as a voice reflecting Khamenei’s views, stated that "the Islamic Republic, rooted in its ideology, cannot engage in talks with oppressors and imperialists." He further argued that "America's positions on the Panama Canal and Greenland are clear evidence of its imperialist nature."

"Meanwhile, our experiences negotiating with the United States, whether over the release of US hostages in 1981 or the nuclear deal in 2015, have reinforced our distrust of America," he said, notably without expressing any regret over the 1979 hostage-taking of US diplomats.

Hardline daily Kayhan, close to Khamenei's office, characterized Pezeshkian's remarks in his NBC interview about the possibility of talks with the Trump Administration as "Begging America for negotiations," and added: "That is madness."

While Iranian hardliners are well-known for their staunch opposition to rapprochement with Washington, other Iranian politicians also frequently resort to anti-US rhetoric. Earlier this week, in an ironic twist, Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf repeatedly chanted "Death to America!" in an effort to pacify an outraged hardliner MP who was railing against the US in parliament.

The apparent divide among Iranian politicians over negotiations could be a calculated strategy to present a united front in disagreement, aimed at convincing US negotiators that significant concessions are needed from Washington to overcome internal opposition. At the same time, they may seek to reassure Russia during an upcoming meeting between President Pezeshkian and Vladimir Putin in Moscow on Friday that the prospects for Tehran-Washington relations remain uncertain.

"Our enhanced relations will thwart the plans of those seeking to destabilize the region and impose their policies," Pezeshkian reportedly said in the meeting.

According to Iranian state-controlled media, Pezeshkian described Iran-Russia relations as sensitive and strategic, and stressed Tehran's commitment to deepening ties.

The comprehensive strategic partnership agreement, as it has been referred to, is seen as a means for Moscow and Tehran to navigate Western sanctions by strengthening their political and economic ties.

The 20-year-treaty, while not constituting a mutual defense pact as noted by the Iranian ambassador to Moscow, will formalize commitments to closer defense cooperation, according to the Russian foreign minister.

Pezeshkian also reportedly suggested that progress had been made on a joint project to build a new nuclear power plant in Iran.

"We have worked to remove barriers to expanding our relations," Pezeshkian added.

On his inaugural visit to the Kremlin since he was elected in July 2024, Pezeshkian was accompanied by a high-level delegation from the Islamic Republic, comprising ministers, senior officials, and a parliamentary representative.

"Iran is an important partner for us with which we are developing multifaceted co-operation," Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov told reporters ahead of Pezeshkian's meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

The Kremlin previously said the pact would elevate the two state’s partnership to a strategic one.

The messaging from Tehran, including remarks by government spokesperson Fatemeh Mohajerani, sought to convey optimism, suggesting that the treaty will open “new horizons” for Iran-Russia relations.

In an interview with Russia's TASS ahead of the visit, the Iranian ambassador to Russia said that the pact would send a "clear signal" to other countries.

"The ability to cooperate between the two countries is a political issue to help advance international cooperation towards a new world order," Kazem Jalali said.

While Tehran has previously expressed its hope for accelerated cooperation in the North-South Corridor and the Russia-Iran gas transfer project – there has been little progress on Iran becoming an energy hub for Russian gas.

As several analysts have noted, the pact’s timing is a sign that Moscow and Tehran are bracing for Donald Trump’s return to the White House this month.

Hanna Notte, expert in arms control, security, and Russian foreign policy, said in a thread on X, that both countries have emerged as “losers” in the post-October 7,2023 Middle East, referring to the weakening of Iran's "axis of resistance" due to Israeli-led attacks and the fall of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, a key ally to Russia and Iran.

“Both Russia & Iran see some utility in signaling the robustness of their partnership at this time - and that Trump won't be able to drive a wedge between them,” Notte wrote.

Nearly three years on, Russia's war on Ukraine continues, with Iran playing a key role as Moscow's ally in supplying drones and missiles. Iranian-made drones, including the Shahed series, have been crucial in Moscow’s attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure. Reports also suggest that Tehran provided ballistic missiles to enhance Russia's military capabilities.

Advisers to Trump, who takes office next Monday, are reportedly crafting a wide-ranging sanctions strategy to facilitate a Russia-Ukraine diplomatic accord in the coming months while at the same time squeezing Iran, people familiar with the matter told Bloomberg.